SCI写作-Method

Method的写作要点

• 做了什么？给出方法的简介和思路（总架构）

• 做的怎么样？ 给出方法的细节（总分形式）

• 为什么这样做？给出充分的理由（原理、先前研究基础、自己的优势）

语法注意事项

1. 主被动与时态

当写自己做了什么的时候，最好用过去时。但是过去时，有的时候不适用。例如在相关工作里面，过去时用于描述先前的各项工作，那么需要使用现在时态描述自己的工作。因此，有时候为了区别，需要加上前缀。

• here
• in this work/in our model
• in there work/in that model
• This experiment/The procedure

2. ‘a’ 和 'the’的区别

• ‘a’ 表示一般引用。

• ‘the’ 表示特定引用。

3. 副词位置

例如：He gave a lecture about liver cancer at the hospital last January.

在这个例子里面有about和at，意思到底是在医院做报告，还是报告关于医院里面的癌症。因此副词的位置很重要，谨慎斟酌。

单词与组词

1. 方法介绍

• 思路介绍 attempt, consider, conduct, determine, investigate, report, suggest, verify
• 步骤描述 calculate, extract, isolate, formulate, incorporate, modify, plot, simulate
• 特定领域动词 anneal, calibrate, centrifuge, dissect, fertilize, ionize, infuse

修饰词	主语	动词
all (of)	(the) tests	are commercially available
both (of)	(the) samples	were acquired (from/by)
each (of)	(the) trials	were carried out
many (of)	(the) experiments	were chosen
most (of)	(the) equipment	were conducted
the majority (of)	(the) chemicals	were collected
	(the) models	were devised
	(the) instruments	were found in
	(the) materials	were generated (by)
		were modified
		were obtained (from/by)
		were performed (by/in)
		were provided (by)
		were purchased (from)
		were supplied (by)
		were used as supplied
		were investigated

2. 方法的具体细节

动词	动词	动词
was adapted	was divided	was operated
was added	was eliminated	was optimized
was adopted	was employed	was plotted
was adjusted	was estimated	was positioned
was applied	was exposed	was prepared
was arranged	was extracted	was quantified
was assembled	was filtered	was recorded
was assumed	was formulated	was regulated
was attached	was generated	was removed
was calculated	was immersed	was repeated
was calibrated	was inhibited	was restricted
was carried out	was incorporated	was retained
was characterized	was included	was sampled
was collected	was inserted	was scored
was combined	was installed	was selected
was computed	was inverted	was separated
was consolidated	was isolated	was simulated
was constructed	was located	was stabilized
was controlled	was maintained	was substituted
was converted	was maximized	was tracked
was created	was measured	was transferred
was designed	was minimized	was treated
was derived	was modified	was varied
was discarded	was normalized	was utilized
was distributed	was obtained

3. 证明方法选择合理性

• 理由

短语	解释
because	因为
by doing…, we were able to	通过…，我们能够
chosen for (+ .n)	选择了 (+ 名词)
chosen to (+ infinitive)	被选择去 (+ 不定式)
for the purpose of (+ ing or .n)	为了 (+ 动名词或名词)
for the sake of (+ ing or .n)	为了 (+ 动名词或名词)
in an attempt to (+ infinitive)	试图 (+ 不定式)
in order to (+ infinitive)	为了 (+ 不定式)
it was possible to (+ infinitive)	可以 (+ 不定式)
offer a means of (+ ing)	提供一种方式来 (+ 动名词)
one way to avoid…	避免…的一种方式
our aim was to (+ infinitive)	我们的目标是 (+ 不定式)
provide a way of (+ ing)	提供一种方式来 (+ 动名词)
selected on the basis of…	根据…进行选择
so as to (+ infinitive)	以便 (+ 不定式)
so/such that	如此，以致于
so (+ ing)	因此 (+ 动名词)
thereby (+ ing)	从而 (+ 动名词)
therefore	因此
thus (+ ing)	因此 (+ 动名词)
to (+ infinitive)	为了 (+ 不定式)
to take advantage of	利用
which/this allows/allowed etc.	允许/允许等
with the intention of (+ ing)	怀着…的意图

• 方法

infinitive	ing	.n
achieve	achieving	achievement
allow	allowing	∅
assess	assessing	assessment
avoid	avoiding	avoidance
compensate for	compensating for	compensation for
confirm	confirming	confirmation
determine	determining	determination
enable	enabling	∅
enhance	enhancing	enhancement
ensure	ensuring	∅
establish	establishing	establishment
facilitate	facilitating	facilitation
guarantee	guaranteeing	guarantee
identify	identifying	identification
improve	improving	improvement
include	including	inclusion
increase	increasing	increase
limit	limiting	limitation
minimize	minimizing	∅
obtain	obtaining	∅
overcome	overcoming	∅
permit	permitting	∅
prevent	preventing	prevention
provide	providing	provision
reduce	reducing	reduction
remove	removing	removal
validate	validating	validation

4. 形容词和副词

第一列	第二列	第三列	第四列
accurately	every/each	immediately	rigorously
always	exactly	independently	separately
appropriately	entirely	individually	smoothly
at least	firmly	never	successfully
both/all	frequently	only	suitably
carefully	freshly	precisely	tightly
completely	fully	randomly	thoroughly
constantly	gently	rapidly	uniformly
correctly	good	reliably	vigorously
directly	identical	repeatedly	well

5. 引用相关理论和文献

• 引用

第一列	第二列	第三列
according to	as reported by/in	given by/in
as described by/in	as reported previously	identical to
as explained by/in	as suggested by/in	in accordance with
as in	can be found in	the same as that of/in
as proposed by/in	details are given in	using the method of/in

• 参考

第一列	第二列	第三列
a (modified/revised) version of	(very) similar	(to) adapt
adapted from	almost the same	(to) adjust
based in part/partly on	essentially the same	(to) alter
based on	largely the same	(to) change
essentially identical	practically the same	(to) modify
in line with	virtually the same	(to) refine
in principle	with some adjustments	(to) revise
in essence	with some alterations	(to) vary
more or less identical	with some changes	(to) follow
slightly modified	with some modifications

• 显著不同（第二个参考的补充）

第一列	第二列
a novel step was…	although in many ways similar
in line with	although in some ways similar
loosely based on	although in essence similar
partially based on	with the following
partly based on	modifications/changes:

6. 指出（自己/其他）工作的发生了什么（不足/问题/优点）

最小化问题	最小化责任	最大化优势
did not align precisely	limited by	acceptable
only approximate	inevitably necessarily	fairly well
it is recognized that	impractical	quite good
less than ideal	as far as possible	reasonably robust
not perfect	(it was) hard to	however
not identical	(it was) difficult to	nevertheless
slightly problematic	unavoidable	talk about a solution
rather time-consuming	impossible	future work should …
minor deficit	not possible	future work will …
slightly disappointing		currently in progress
negligible		currently underway
unimportant
immaterial
a preliminary attempt
not significant

两者区别

future work should 向学术界表达未来这个领域的工作方向，邀请研究界接受这个领域的挑战并一起开展研究

future work will 向学术界表达这个工作方向是我提出的，以后都是属于我的工作，并给出意图和计划

• Inevitably, considerable computation was involved.
• Although centrifugation could not remove all the excess solid drug, the amount remaining was negligible.
• Solutions using (q = 1) differed slightly from the analytical solutions.
• While the anode layer was slightly thicker than 13 μm, this was a minor deficit.