Experiments的写作要点
首先得分清楚实验（Experiments）、结果（Results）、分析（Analysis）、讨论（Discussions）、总结（Conclusions）的区别。
- 实验（Experiments）：为了验证提出方法的有效性，阐明实验设计、环境以及作用
- 结果（Results）：呈现实验中获得的数据和观察结果。在大多数情况下，结果以图、表的形式给出。
- 分析（Analysis）：对实验结果进行解释和深入探讨，阐明数据的意义和趋势
- 讨论（Discussions）：对实验结果和分析的进一步探讨，相比于前人的工作的优势和劣势
- 总结（Conclusions）：对整个研究进行概括，强调研究的主要发现、结论和贡献
在不同的期刊和论文撰写过程中，上面几个组件的位置不同，具体看放在哪里。最显著的就是讨论（Discussions）是否放在Experiments里面。是否有必要加。
单词与词组
1. 建立与方法的联系
- As discussed previously, …
- As mentioned earlier/before, …
- As outlined in the introduction, …
- As reported, …
- In order to …, we examined …
- It is important to reiterate that …
- It is known from the literature that …
- It was predicted that …
- It was suggested in the Introduction that …
- Our aim/purpose/intention was to …
- Since/because …, we investigated …
- the aforementioned theory/aim/prediction etc.
- The main purpose of this work was to …
- To investigate …, we needed to …
- We reasoned/predicted that …
2. 结果的总体概括
这包括介绍结果的一般模式或趋势的方法，以便读者知道会发生什么。
- Generally speaking, …
- In general, …
- In most/all cases, …
- In the main, …
- In this section, we compare/evaluate/present …
- It is apparent that in all/most/the majority of cases, …
- It is evident from the results that …
- On the whole, …
- The overall response was …
- The results are divided into two parts as follows: …
- Using the method described above, we obtained …
3. 展示结果
被动
- As detailed/indicated/listed/present/shown/summarised in Fig. 1, …
- As illustrated by Fig. 1, …
- As can be seen from/in* Fig.1, …
- … can be found in Fig.1
- … can be identified from/in Fig.1
- … can be observed in Fig. 1
- … can be seen from/in Figure 1
- Comparing Figs. 1 and 4 shows that …
- Data in Fig. 1 suggest/indicate that …
- … displayed in Fig. 1
- From Fig. 1 it can be seen that …
- Inspection of Fig. 1 indicates …
- … is/are given in Fig.1
- … is/are represented (etc.) in
- … is/are visible in Fig. 1
- In Fig. 1 we compare/present …
- Results are given in Fig.1.
- we observe from Fig. 1 that …
主动
- contains
- corresponds (to)
- demonstrates
- displays
- gives
- illustrates
- lists
- plots
- presents
- provides
- reports
- represents
- reveals
- shows
- summarises
4. 结果分析
- 客观评价
| 第一列 | 第二列 | 第三列 |
|---|---|---|
| accelerated | be constant | matched |
| all | be different | none |
| changed | be equal | occurred |
| declined | be found | peaked |
| decreased | be higher | preceded |
| delayed | be highest | produced |
| dropped | be identical | reduced |
| existed | be lower | remained constant |
| expanded | be present | remained the same |
| fell | be seen | rose |
| found | be unaffected | solely |
| increased | be unchanged | varied |
- 主观评价
| 第一列 | 第二列 | 第三列 |
|---|---|---|
| abundant(ly) | imperceptible(ibly) | remarkable(ably) |
| acceptable(ably) | important(ly) | resembling |
| adequate(ly) | in particular, | satisfactory |
| almost | in principle | scarce(ly) |
| appreciable(ably) | inadequate | serious(ly) |
| appropriate(ly) | interesting(ly), | severe(ly) |
| brief/(ly) | it appears that | sharp(ly) |
| clear(ly) | large(ly) | significant(ly) |
| comparable (ably) | likelihood | similar |
| considerable(ably) | low | simple(ply) |
| consistent(ly) | main(ly) | smooth(ly) |
| distinct(ly) | marked(ly) | somewhat |
| dominant(ly) | measurable(ably) | steep(ly) |
| dramatic(ally) | mild(ly) | striking(ly) |
| drastic(ally) | minimal(ly) | strong(ly) |
| equivalent | more or less | substantial(ly) |
| essential(ly) | most(ly) | sudden(ly) |
| excellent | negligible(ibly) | sufficient(ly) |
| excessive(ly) | noticeable(ably) | suitable(ably) |
| exceptional(ly) | obvious(ly) | surprising(ly) |
| extensive(ly) | only | tendency |
| extreme(ly) | overwhelming(ly) | the majority of |
| fair(ly) | poor(ly) | too + adjective |
| few | powerful(ly) | unexpected(ly) |
| general(ly) | quick(ly) | unusual(ly) |
| good | radical(ly) | valuable |
| high(ly) | rapid(ly) | very |
| immense(ly) | virtual(ly) |
5. 与其他研究结果的比较
-
定量的分析（Quantitative Analysis）
-
定性分析（Qualitative Analysis）
注意两者在实际中的区别
| 第一列 | 第二列 |
|---|---|
| as anticipated | is/are better than |
| as expected, | is/are in good agreement |
| as predicted by… | is/are identical (to) |
| as reported by… | is/are not dissimilar (to) |
| compare well with | is/are parallel (to) |
| concur | is/are similar (to) |
| confirm | is/are unlike |
| consistent with | match |
| contrary to | prove |
| corroborate | refute |
| correlate | reinforce |
| disprove | support |
| inconsistent with | validate |
| in line with | verify |
6. 结果中存在的问题
- 弱化问题并展示好的结果
| 短语 | 解释 |
|---|---|
| (a) preliminary attempt | 这是一项初步尝试 |
| despite this, | 尽管如此， |
| however, | 然而， |
| immaterial | 不重要的，无关紧要的 |
| incomplete | 不完整的，未完成的 |
| infinitesimal | 极小的，微不足道的 |
| insignificant | 不重要的，微不足道的 |
| less than ideal | 不理想的，不完美的 |
| less than perfect | 不完美的，不理想的 |
| (a) minor deficit/limitation | （一项）轻微的缺陷/限制，小瑕疵 |
| negligible | 可忽略的，微不足道的 |
| nevertheless | 尽管如此，然而 |
| not always reliable | 不总是可靠的 |
| not always accurate | 不总是准确的 |
| not ideal | 不理想的 |
| not identical | 不相同的 |
| not completely clear | 不完全清晰的 |
| not perfect | 不完美的 |
| not precise | 不精确的 |
| not significant | 不显著的，不重要的 |
| of no consequence | 毫不重要，毫无意义 |
| of no/little significance | 毫不重要，意义不大 |
| only | 仅仅，只是 |
| reasonable results were obtained | 获得了合理的结果 |
| room for improvement | 有改进的空间 |
| slightly (disappointing) | 稍微令人失望的 |
| (a) slight mismatch/limitation | （一项）轻微的不匹配/限制，小瑕疵 |
| somewhat (problematic) | 有些问题的，有点棘手的 |
| (a) technicality | （一项）技术细节，技术难题 |
| unimportant | 不重要的，微不足道的 |
- 给出问题的原因
| 短语 | 解释 |
|---|---|
| may/could/might have been | 或 |
| or | 或 |
| was/were: | 是/是（过去时） |
| beyond the scope of this study | 超出了本研究的范围 |
| caused by | 由…引起 |
| difficult to (simulate) | 难以（模拟） |
| due to | 由于，因为 |
| hard to (control) | 难以（控制） |
| inevitable | 不可避免的 |
| it should be noted that… | 应该注意的是… |
| not attempted | 没有尝试过 |
| not examined | 没有被检查 |
| not explored in this study | 在本研究中没有被探讨 |
| not investigated | 没有被调查 |
| not the focus of this paper | 不是本文的重点 |
| not within the scope of this study | 不在本研究的范围内 |
| possible source(s) of error | 可能的误差来源（s） |
| unavoidable | 不可避免的 |
| unexpected | 意外的 |
| unfortunately | 不幸的，遗憾的 |
| unpredictable | 不可预测的 |
| unworkable | 行不通的，无法实现的 |
| unavailable | 不可获得的 |
- 提供解决方案
Future Work一般不写。有两种情况写：1)审稿人给出意见说有问题，解决不了写；2）自己认为工作存在一定的问题写
| 短语 | 解释 |
|---|---|
| Further work is planned | 已计划进一步工作 |
| Future work should… | 未来的工作应该… |
| Future work will… | 未来的工作将… |
| In future, care should be taken | 未来，应当谨慎 |
| In future, it is advised that… | 未来，建议… |
7. 结果的影响
| 第一列 | 第二列 |
|---|---|
| apparently | It is logical that |
| could be due to | It is thought/believed that |
| could be explained by | It seems that |
| could account for | It seems plausible (etc.) that |
| could be attributed to | likely |
| could be interpreted as | could/may/might/can |
| could be seen as | means that |
| evidently | perhaps |
| imply/implies that | possibly/possibility |
| indicate/indicating that | potentially |
| in some circumstances | presumably |
| is owing to | probably |
| is/are associated with | provide compelling evidence |
| is/are likely | seem to |
| is/are linked to | suggest(ing) that |
| is/are related to | support the idea that |
| It appears that | tend to |
| It could be concluded that… | tendency |
| It could be inferred that | unlikely |
| It could be speculated that | There is evidence for |
| It could be assumed that | We could infer that |
| It is conceivable that | We have confidence that |
| It is evident that | would seem to suggest/indicate |
